The runtime of primary batteries has increased significantly (between 25% – 50%) in the last few years due to the use of more advanced materials such as special graphite, zinc powder with an engineered particle shape and manganese dioxide with improved particle structure.

Driven by the miniaturisation of devices, batteries have become smaller and lighter over the years, whilst also being required to deliver more energy to effectively operate devices. Continuous innovation from BIPBA members leads equipment manufacturers to design smaller devices meaning less packaging, less cost and less waste at the end of life.